See thwingan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "dwingen"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "dwinge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwinhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, related to *þwangiz (“clamp, strap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingunt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "participle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "githwungan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*thwingan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thwing",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "odt-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/thwingan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bithwingan"
},
{
"word": "tesamanethwingan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force"
],
"id": "en-thwingan-odt-verb-~EA~Z0m4",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "thwingan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bithwingan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "githwingan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "dwingen"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "dwinjen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwinhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinges",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "githwungan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thwingan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thwing",
"2": "thwing",
"3": "thwang",
"4": "thwung",
"5": "thwung",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppress"
],
"id": "en-thwingan-osx-verb-Zt6TBMZd",
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to charge"
],
"id": "en-thwingan-osx-verb-7mtvKhD1",
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "thwingan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bithwingan"
},
{
"word": "tesamanethwingan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "dwingen"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "dwinge"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "dwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwinhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, related to *þwangiz (“clamp, strap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingunt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "participle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "githwungan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*thwingan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thwing",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "odt-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/thwingan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Dutch basic verbs",
"Old Dutch class 3 strong verbs",
"Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Dutch lemmas",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to force"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "thwingan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon class 3 strong verbs",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bithwingan"
},
{
"word": "githwingan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "dwingen"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "dwinjen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "dwingen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwinhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinges",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thwingandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "githwungan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thwungan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "thwingan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thwing",
"2": "thwing",
"3": "thwang",
"4": "thwung",
"5": "thwung",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "osx-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to oppress"
],
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to charge"
],
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "thwingan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for thwingan meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.